install 2 whatsapps using parallel space

ENGINEERING E-BOOKS

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

select your branch to download e-books

branch:
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING

COMPUTER ENGINEERING

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

BASIC SCIENCES (FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING)

AUTOMOBILE

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Advanced Automotive Fault Diagnosis(VIEW)

Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems by Tom(VIEW)

A Text Book on Automobile Chassis and Body Engineering, 

Author Sri. N.R.HEMA KUMAR(VIEW)

Automotive Embedded Systems Handbook(VIEW)

Automotive Engineering (VIEW)

Automotive Engineering(VIEW)

Automotive spark-ignited direct-injection gasoline engines(VIEW)

Brake Design and Safety(VIEW)

Brake Handbook(VIEW)

Fundamentals Of Vehicle Dynamics (VIEW)

ENGINEERING MECHANICS

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Advanced Engineering Dynamics (VIEW)

Engineering Mechanics Dynamics (VIEW)

DYNAMICS R. C. HIBBELER (VIEW)

ENGINEERING MECHANICS BY R.S.KHURMI (VIEW)

Engineering Mechanics STATICS(VIEW)

Engineering Mechanics STATICS by hibbeler (VIEW)

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

A First Course in Finite Elements(VIEW)

A First Course in the Finite Element Method(VIEW)

An Introduction to The Finite Element Method(VIEW)

Finite Element Analysis G. Lakshmi Narasaiah(VIEW)

Finite Element Analysis SS Rao(VIEW)

Finite Element Analysis DAVID V. HUTTON(VIEW)

An Introduction to The Finite Element Method J. N. REDDY(VIEW)

The Finite Element Method A. J. DAVIES(VIEW)

FLUID MECHANICS

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications


by Çengel & Cimbala(VIEW)

Fluid Mechanics by Crowe(VIEW)

Basic Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines(VIEW)

FLUID MECHANICS FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS(VIEW)

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics(VIEW)

Fluid Mechanics, Second Edition(VIEW)

HEAT TRANSFER

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Cengel Heat Transfer(VIEW)

Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer(VIEW)

HANDBOOK OF HEAT TRANSFER Warren M. Rohsenow(VIEW)

Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach Yunus A. Cengel(VIEW)

HEAT TRANSFER – ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS Vyacheslav S. Vikhrenko(VIEW)

Heat Transfer J.P.Holman(VIEW)

A Heat Transfer Textbook John H. Lienhard IV(VIEW)

Principles of Heat Transfer Frank Kreith(VIEW)

IC ENGINES

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Combustion(VIEW)

Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine(VIEW)

Engine Testing Theory and Practice(VIEW)

IC Engines R.K Rajput(VIEW)

IC Engines V.Ganeshan(VIEW)

High Speed IC Engines(VIEW)

MACHINE DESIGN

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

A TEXTBOOK OF MACHINE DESIGN’R.S. KHURMI J.K. GUPTA(VIEW)

MACHINE DESIGN V.B.BHANDARI(VIEW)

Engineering Design Process(VIEW)

Mechanical Engineering Design(VIEW)

MACHINE ELEMENTS IN MECHANICAL DESIGN(VIEW)

Mechanical Engineering Design by Shigleys(VIEW)

STANDARD HANDBOOK OF MACHINE DESIGN(VIEW)

Tribology in MACHINE DESIGN(VIEW)

ENGINEERING MATERIALS

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Engineering Materials 1(VIEW)

Engineering Materials 2(VIEW)

Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering(VIEW)

Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering(VIEW)

Materials for engineering(VIEW)

Modern Physical Metallurgy and Materials Engineering(VIEW)

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Engineering Viberations(VIEW)

Engineering Vibrations(VIEW)

Fundamentals of Vibrations(VIEW)

Fundamentals of Vibrations(VIEW)

Mechanical Vibrations by Singiresu S. Rao(VIEW)

Mechanical Vibrations THEORY AND APPLICATIONS(VIEW)

Structural Vibration: Analysis and Damping(VIEW)

THE VIBRATION ANALYSIS HANDBOOK(VIEW)

Vibration with Control(VIEW)

VIBRATION OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS(VIEW)

VIBRATIONS by Balakumar Balachandran | Edward B. Magrab(VIEW)

MECHATRONICS

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Essentials of Mechatronics(VIEW)

INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS(VIEW)

MECHATRONICS AN INTRODUCTION(VIEW)

Introduction to Mechatronics and Measurement Systems(VIEW)

Mechatronics(VIEW)

Mechatronics Principles and Applications(VIEW)

Mechatronic Systems(VIEW)

The Mechatronic Handbook(VIEW)

Mechatronic System Design(VIEW)

OPERATIONAL RESEARCH

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Operations Research By Wayne L. Winston(VIEW)

Operations Research By Hamdy A.Taha(VIEW)

Operations Research By P.Rama Murthy(VIEW)

Operations Management By Jay Heuzer(VIEW)

PRODUCTION PROCESS

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

FUNDAMENTALS OF MODERN MANUFACTURING(VIEW)

Geometry of Single-point Turning Tools and Drills(VIEW)

HANDBOOK OF MACHINING AND METALWORKING CALCULATIONS(VIEW)

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES(VIEW)

PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION(VIEW)

Standards for Engineering Design and Manufacturing(VIEW)

JIGS AND FIXTURES(VIEW)

WELDING METALLURGY(VIEW)

Advanced Machining Processes Nontraditional and Hybrid Machining Processes(VIEW)

Castings(VIEW)

Cold and Hot Forging(VIEW)

AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Air Conditioning and Refrigeration(VIEW)

Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration(VIEW)

Air Conditioning Engineering(VIEW)

HANDBOOK OF AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION(VIEW)

Air Conditioning and Refrigeration C P ARORA(VIEW)

Air Conditioning and Refrigeration(VIEW)

Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning(VIEW)

Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning R.S.KHURMI(VIEW)

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Mechanics and Strength of Materials(VIEW)

Mechanics of Materials BRIEF EDITION(VIEW)

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS(VIEW)

Mechanics of Materials By Madhukar Vable(VIEW)

Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain(VIEW)

Strength Of Materials Schaum’s Outline Series(VIEW)

Strength of Materials and Structures(VIEW)

THEORY OF MACHINES

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

Theory of Machines(VIEW)

DESIGN OF MACHINERY(VIEW)

MACHINES AND MECHANISMS(VIEW)

MECHANISMS AND MECHANICAL DEVICES SOURCEBOOK(VIEW)

Theory of Machines By R.S.Khurmi(VIEW)

Theory of Machines By SS RATTAN(VIEW)

THERMODYNAMICS

we are providing E-BOOKS on regarding with the insufficiency of the engineering books and cost

please download only one book at a time

click on the following books to download:

APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS(VIEW)

THERMODYNAMICS BY PK NAG(VIEW)

ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS BY RK RAJPUTH(VIEW)

ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS BY Y V C RAO(VIEW)

FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS(VIEW)

FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS(VIEW)

Modern Engineering Thermodynamics(VIEW)

Thermodynamics, Statistical Mechanics, & Kinetics(VIEW)

The Principles of Thermodynamics(VIEW)

Thermodynamics by Cengel(VIEW)

ADOPTING INSECTS VISION TO DRONES FOR FLIGHT

After studying how insects navigate through dense vegetation, researchers at Lund University in Sweden have come up with a system that can be applied to flying robots. By adapting the system to drones, they can be made to adjust their speed to their surroundings and fly on their own- completely without human intervention and control.

The breakthrough was made by vision researchers Emily Baird and Marie Dacke at the Department of Biology in Lund. Among other things, their research shows how bees that fly through dence forests assess light intensity  to avoid other objects and find holes in the vegetation to enable them to navigate safely.

The ability to avoid collisions is crucial to animals and insects that live in environments with many obstacles. The Lund researchers' results show that insects, such as the green orchid bee in the Panama rainforests, apply a strategy where they assess the light intensity to navigate quickly and effectively without crashing. They are guided by the intensity of the light that penetrates the holes in leaves to determine whether a particular hole is sufficiently large for them to fly through safely without hitting the edges.

"The system is so simple - it's highly likely that other animals also use light in this way. The system is ideal for adapting to small, light-weight robots, such as drones. My guess is that this will become a reality within five to ten years", says Emily Baird.

Before it is realised, the biological results from the rainforest must be transformed into mathematical models and digital systems that make it possible for robots to fly in complicated environments completely without human intervention.

"Using light to navigate in complex environments is a universal strategy that can be applied by both animals and machines to detect openings and get through them safely. Really, the coolest thing is the fact that insects have developed simple strategies to cope with difficult problems for which engineers have still to come up with a solution", says Emily Baird.

The research findings are presented in an article in the scientific journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

More information: Emily Baird et al. Finding the gap: a brightness-based strategy for guidance in cluttered environments, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2016). DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2988

NOTICE

IN VERY SOON WE ARE GOING TO UPLOAD ALL ENGINEERING BRANCH E-BOOKS

STAY IN TOUCH WITH US 

FOLLOW US ON

GOOGLE+

LIKE US ON FACEBOOK

9 WhatsApp tricks and hacks which are a must know for everyone

We are coming up with a lot more Whatsapp tricks compilation in future. I am going to discuss about Latest and Best Whatsapp Methods and Hacks 2016. WhatsApp Messenger is a platform cellular messaging application which enables you to send plus receive messages, photos, video clips etc. Below are 9 amazing tricks and tips on Whatsapp in 2016. Some of them are very important for our daily use especially now that we are so heavily dependent and addicted to Whatsapp for our communication.

1. Create Fake WhatsApp Conversation

Do you want to prank with you friends on whatapp ? yes ?  then how ?? Here i’m going to tell you how to create fake whatsapp conversation.Yes, you can create fake whatsapp conversation with below easy methods.There are many ways available on internet but many of them does not works or generates old versions conversation. So, are some best apps to create fake whatsapp conversation :

Step 1 : First Download fazzy app.

Step 2 : Now install it on your android device.

Step 3 : Once install, open it from the app drawer, and follow the on screen instructions, and create Fake Conversation.

Step 4 : Now show just send created fake whatsapp conversations to your friends and make pranks on them.

2. Run Multiple WhatsApp On Android

There are occasions or times when one needs to have multiple accounts on the same phone such as when you have a dual SIM phone or when you tend to be only one who own a smart phone in your circle of friends or in the family as well. There are many methos to run mutiple whatsapp accounts on your device. But all these require Root access.

First of all Download the OGWhatsApp from here.
Create a backup of your WhatApp messenger.
Clear WhatsApp data from the Settings/Uninstall your WhatsApp messenger.
Then Rename your WhatsApp folder in your SD card to OGWhatsApp.
In OGWhatsApp verify your old number and whereas in official version verify you new number.You have done successfully.
3. Backup Whatsapp Messages :-

Many users generally accidentally format their device or clear app data or losses data due to memory card crashes. So, it becomes difficult for them to get back their important messages. Generally whatsapp automatically creates the backup of user’s messages but at particular time. But I;m going to guide you “how to manually creates backup and restore/recover whatsapp messages :

Step 1 : First of all open your whatsapp by tapping on whatsapp icon.

Step 2 : Now tap on Options and then on Settings.

Step 3 : After this tap on Chat settings then the  next step is to  tap on Backup conversation. This will creates the backup of whatsapp messages which you can later recover/restore whatsapp messages.

You can also Save Backup of your whatsapp messages on your computer. For this you need to follow the following steps :-

Step 4 : Now just connect your mobile to PC.

Step 5 : After connecting your phone on your PC you will see all your folder on your android phone.

Step 6 : Search and find, WhatsApp folder and copy it to any location on your PC.

Step 7 : That’s it !! You have successfully created the backup of your WhatsApp messages for the future recover whatsapp messages.

4. Restore/Recover Whatsapp Messages :-

Step 1 : In order to restore/recover whatsapp messages first of all connect your phone to PC.

Step 2 : Now copy your Whatsapp Backup folder  to your phones memory from  recently created backup of whatsapp messages in your PC.

Step 3 : Now just download and install whatsapp.

Step 4 : Proceed with necessary on screen instruction to get started with whatsapp.

Step 5 :  Whatsapp will automatically check for available backups in your device.

Step 6 : If whatsapp found any backup located on your device, you will be asked whether you want to restore backup.

Step 7 : Tap on Yes congrats you have successfully restore whatsapp messages.

5. Send Multiple Messages.

Using the function List Broadcast you can send a message to multiple people without multiple activate a group chat, Chat-> Lists broadcast-> New List-> Select the names-select creation> Compose your message. In this way, you can send a chat with multiple partners, without letting the other members of the list know. Even the responses of others will not be viewed by those in the list, but only by those who sent the message. Only those having the sender’s number in the phone book will be able to receive messages.

6. Change Your Friend’s Profile Picture.

You can change your friend’s profile pic into your WhatsApp on your mobile only but not globally .

First of all choose a funny profile picture for your friend.
Now resize the image to 561×561 pixels and name it with your friend’s mobile phone number.
Now save the image in SD card -> WhatsApp -> Profile Pictures.
Overwrite an existing image if required.
Disable WiFi and data network. If you don’t WhatsApp will automatically update the picture.
Now show it to your friend who’ll surely shocked to see his changed image.
7. Prevent the automatic downloading of images or video

Go to Settings -> Chat Settings -> save media received. You can then enable or disable the automatic saving of files received

8. Share Your Chat.

It is also possible to send the chat of a specific contact via email including the attachments or not. Again go to the user name at the top right of the chat, and choose the bottom option: “Send email conversation”. Choose if you want to include or not the attachments and insert the email to which you want to send it.

9. Change Your Whatsapp Number

If you have changed your phone number, but still have the same smartphone, you do not need to uninstall and reinstall WhatsApp. There is a setting which allows you to migrate the account to a different phone number. In Whatsapp, go to Settings -> Accounts -> Change number. and follow the steps on the screen.by changing your number you will get whatsapp free for 1 year.

So, these are the latest best whatsapp tricks 2016 .I hope you will enjoy these tricks. If you know some other whatsapp hacks 2016 then just comment it below. Don’t forget to share this post with your friends.

Computers in your clothes? A milestone for wearable electronics

Researchers who are working to develop wearable electronics have reached a milestone: They are able to embroider circuits into fabric with 0.1 mm precision—the perfect size to integrate electronic components such as sensors and computer memory devices into clothing.

With this advance, the Ohio State University researchers have taken the next step toward the design of functional textiles—clothes that gather, store, or transmit digital information. With further development, the technology could lead to shirts that act as antennas for your smart phone or tablet, workout clothes that monitor your fitness level, sports equipment that monitors athletes’ performance, a bandage that tells your doctor how well the tissue beneath it is healing—or even a flexible fabric cap that senses activity in the brain.

That last item is one that John Volakis, director of the ElectroScience Laboratory at Ohio State, and research scientist Asimina Kiourti are investigating. The idea is tomake brain implants, which are under development to treat conditions from epilepsy to addiction, more comfortable by eliminating the need for external wiring on the patient’s body.

“A revolution is happening in the textile industry,” said Volakis, who is also the Roy & Lois Chope Chair Professor ofElectrical Engineering at Ohio State. “We believe that functional textiles are an enabling technology for communications and sensing—and one day even medical applications like imaging and health monitoring.”

Recently, he and Kiourti refined their patented fabrication method to create prototype wearables at a fraction of the cost and in half the time as they could only two years ago. With new patents pending, they published the new results in the journal IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

In Volakis’ lab, the functional textiles, also called “e-textiles,” are created in part on a typical tabletop sewing machine—the kind that fabric artisans and hobbyists might have at home. Like other modern sewing machines, it embroiders thread into fabric automatically based on a pattern loaded via a computer file. The researchers substitute the thread with fine silver metal wires that, once embroidered, feel the same as traditional thread to the touch.

“We started with a technology that is very well known—machine embroidery—and we asked, how can we functionalize embroidered shapes? How do we make them transmit signals at useful frequencies, like for cell phones or health sensors?” Volakis said. “Now, for the first time, we’ve achieved the accuracy of printed metal circuit boards, so our new goal is to take advantage of the precision to incorporate receivers and other electronic components.”

The shape of the embroidery determines the frequency of operation of the antenna or circuit, explained Kiourti.

The shape of one broadband antenna, for instance, consists of more than half a dozen interlocking geometric shapes, each a little bigger than a fingernail, that form an intricate circle a few inches across. Each piece of the circle transmits energy at a different frequency, so that they cover a broad spectrum of energies when working together—hence the “broadband” capability of the antenna for cell phone and internet access.

“Shape determines function,” she said. “And you never really know what shape you will need from one application to the next. So we wanted to have a technology that could embroider any shape for any application.”

The researchers’ initial goal, Kiourti added, was just to increase the precision of the embroidery as much as possible, which necessitated working with fine silver wire. But that created a problem, in that fine wires couldn’t provide as much surface conductivity as thick wires. So they had to find a way to work the fine thread into embroidery densities and shapes that would boost the surface conductivity and, thus, the antenna/sensor performance.

Previously, the researchers had used silver-coated polymer thread with a 0.5-mm diameter, each thread made up of 600 even finer filaments twisted together. The new threads have a 0.1-mm diameter, made with only seven filaments. Each filament is copper at the center, enameled with pure silver.

They purchase the wire by the spool at a cost of 3 cents per foot; Kiourti estimated that embroidering a single broadband antenna like the one mentioned above consumes about 10 feet of thread, for a material cost of around 30 cents per antenna. That’s 24 times less expensive than when Volakis and Kiourti created similar antennas in 2014.

In part, the cost savings comes from using less thread per embroidery. The researchers previously had to stack the thicker thread in two layers, one on top of the other, to make the antenna carry a strong enough electrical signal. But by refining the technique that she and Volakis developed, Kiourti was able to create the new, high-precision antennas in only one embroidered layer of the finer thread. So now the process takes half the time: only about 15 minutes for the broadband antenna mentioned above.

She’s also incorporated some techniques common to microelectronics manufacturing to add parts to embroidered antennas and circuits.

One prototype antenna looks like a spiral and can be embroidered into clothing to improve cell phone signal reception. Another prototype, a stretchable antenna with an integrated RFID (radio-frequency identification) chip embedded in rubber, takes the applications for the technology beyond clothing. (The latter object was part of a study done for a tire manufacturer.)

Yet another circuit resembles the Ohio State Block “O” logo, with non-conductive scarlet and gray thread embroidered among the silver wires “to demonstrate that e-textiles can be both decorative and functional,” Kiourti said.

They may be decorative, but the embroidered antennas and circuits actually work. Tests showed that an embroidered spiral antenna measuring approximately six inches across transmitted signals at frequencies of 1 to 5 GHz with near-perfect efficiency. The performance suggests that the spiral would be well-suited to broadband internet and cellular communication.

In other words, the shirt on your back could help boost the reception of the smart phone or tablet that you’re holding – or send signals to your devices with health or athletic performance data.

The work fits well with Ohio State’s role as a founding partner of the Advanced Functional Fabrics of America Institute, a national manufacturing resource center for industry and government. The new institute, which joins some 50 universities and industrial partners, was announced earlier this month by U.S. Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter.

Syscom Advanced Materials in Columbus provided the threads used in Volakis and Kiourti’s initial work. The finer threads used in this study were purchased from Swiss manufacturer Elektrisola. The research is funded by the National Science Foundation, and Ohio State will license the technology for further development.

Journal Reference:

1. Asimina Kiourti, Cedric Lee, John L. Volakis. Fabrication of Textile Antennas and Circuits With 0.1 mm Precision. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2016; 15: 151 DOI:10.1109/LAWP.2015.2435257

COST EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN

Silicon nanosheets (SiNSs) are one of most exciting recent discoveries. Owing to their unbeatable electro-optical properties and compatibility with existing silicon technology, SiNSs have been the most promising candidate for use in various applications, such as in the process of manufacturing semiconductors and producing hydrogen.

A joint research team, led by Prof. Jae Sung Lee and Prof. Soojin Park of Energy and Chemical Engineering at UNIST, has developed a a cost-effective and scalable technique for synthesizing SiNSs, using natural clay and salt. Through this research, UNIST has taken a major step towards mass production of this ground-breaking material with relatively low cost.

In their study, published in the current edition of NPG Asia Materials, the research team reported an all-in-one strategy for the synthesis of high-purity SiNSs through the high-temperature molten salt (for example, NaCl)-induced exfoliation and simultaneous chemical reduction of natural clays.

According to the team, these newly synthesized Si nanosheets are key components in the production of ever smaller electronic devices due to their ultrathin (thickness of ~5 nm) body. Prof. Park states, “As the electrical and electronic devices are getting smaller and smaller, there is a great demand for manufacturing their individual componants to be nanoscale.” He continues, “Our new technique uses inexpensive natural clays and salt for preparing high-quality nanosheets, thereby cutting down production costs greatly.”As shown in the figure above, in the synthetic process for the preparation of SiNSs, natural clay is exfolicated with molten NaCl. The exfoliated clay is, then, transformed into SiNSs by using Mg reductant. Here, Molten salts can be exchanged with intercalated alkylamines and metal cations inside clays. Then, Mg can reduce the interior of the clay minerals, generating additional heat to induce final exfoliation.

“Through the simultaneous molten-salt-induced exfoliation and chemical reduction of natural clay, both the salt and clay start to melt at a reaction temperature, ranging from 550°C to 700°C. The molten salt is, then, dissolved in the clay layers and disintegrated into individual nanosheets,” said Mr. Jaegeon Ryu, a doctoral researcher in Prof. Soojin Park’s lab and the first author of the study. He continues, “Using the metallothermic reduction, metallic oxides inside clays can be exchanged with silicon.”

The team reports that these nanosheets have a high surface area and contain mesoporous structures derived from the oxygen vacancies in the clay. They add, “These advantages make the nanosheets a highly suitable photocatalyst with an exceptionally high activity for the generation of hydrogen from a water–methanol mixture.”

This work has been supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea and has been funded by the Middle-Grade Researcher Supporting Program through the Korean Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP).

Journal Reference
Jaegeon Ryu, Youn Jeong Jang, Shinho Choi, Hyun Joon Kang, Hyungmin Park, Jae Sung Lee, and Soojin Park., “All-in-one Synthesis of Mesoporous Silicon Nanosheets from Natural Clay and Their Applicability to Hydrogen Evolution”, NPG Asia Materials(2016).
For more information see original artical

Liquid marbles can be caused to move with laser light

A team of researchers with Osaka Institute of Technology in Japan, has developed liquid balls that propel themselves when exposed to laser light. In their paper published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials, the team describes how the liquid balls are made, how they can be used and some possible applications for them.The idea for the liquid balls came, the team reports, from noting how Stenus beetles propel themselves across the surface of the water—when alarmed, they emit a droplet of stenusin from their anal gland, which causes a change in surface tension behind them, pushing them forward. In this new effort, the researchers used a nanometer-scale powder of polypyrrole (a type of plastic) to accomplish much the same thing—when exposed to light, it heats up and expands.To make the balls, or liquid marbles, as the team calls them, the researches coated very small drops of water with the plastic. Like the Stenus beetle they float on the surface of the water and also like the beetle, they can be propelled by a change in surface tension behind them—in this case, that comes about by laser light—as the light strikes, the plastic heats up and expands, causing a change in the surface tension on the water behind the marble, which causes it to move forward. The team found that the marble had strength as well—they rigged up a floating apparatus that hooked onto one of their marbles, then shone the light, and in so doing, discovered that the marbles could pull floating structures that weighed up to 150 times more than they did. It is worth noting, the team points out, that the laser does not push the marble, instead it causes a chemical reaction that results in the marble moving.And that was not all, they also found that if they blasted the marble long enough with the laser, they could cause it to burst on demand. That means, the team explains, that the marbles could be used as both a transport and delivery mechanism—a service that could find applications in pollution detection, delivery of drugs inside the body, microfluids and even micromachinery.Abstract Remote control of the locomotion of small objects is a challenge in itself and may also allow for the stimuli control of entire systems. Here, it is described how encapsulated liquids, referred to as liquid marbles, can be moved on a water surface with a simple near-infrared laser or sunlight. Using light rather than pH or temperature as an external stimulus allows for the control of the position, area, timing, direction, and velocity of delivery. This approach makes it possible to not only transport the materials encapsulated within the liquid marble but also to release them at a specific place and time, as controlled by external stimuli. Furthermore, it is shown that liquid marbles can work as light-driven towing engines to push or pull objects. Being able to remotely transport and push/pull the small objects by light and control the release of active substances on demand should open up a wide field of conceivable applications. Journal reference:Advanced Functional Materials